問(wèn)題描述

C++ 模板上下文中的特化和實(shí)例化有什么區(qū)別.根據(jù)我目前閱讀的內(nèi)容，以下是我對(duì)特化和實(shí)例化的理解.

What is the difference between specialization and instantiation in context of C++ templates. From what I have read so far the following is what I have understood about specialization and instantiation.

template <typename T>
struct Struct
{

     T x;
};

template<>
struct Struct <int> //specialization
{

    //code
};

int main()
{
   Struct <int> s; //specialized version comes into play
   Struct <float> r; // Struct <float> is instantiated by the compiler as shown below

}

編譯器對(duì) Struct 的實(shí)例化

template <typename T=float>
struct Struct
{
    float x;
}

我對(duì)模板實(shí)例化和特化的理解是否正確?

Is my understanding of template instantiation and specialization correct?

推薦答案

(隱式)實(shí)例化

這就是您所說(shuō)的實(shí)例化(如問(wèn)題中所述)

(Implicit) Instantiation

This is what you refer to as instantiation (as mentioned in the Question)

這是當(dāng)您告訴編譯器使用給定類(lèi)型實(shí)例化模板時(shí)，如下所示:

This is when you tell the compiler to instantiate the template with given types, like this:

template Struct<char>; // used to control the PLACE where the template is inst-ed

(顯式)專(zhuān)業(yè)化

這就是您所說(shuō)的專(zhuān)業(yè)化(如問(wèn)題中所述)

(Explicit) Specialization

This is what you refer to as specialization (as mentioned in the Question)

這是當(dāng)您為類(lèi)型的子集提供模板的替代定義時(shí)，如下所示:

This is when you give an alternative definition to a template for a subset of types, like this:

template<class T> class Struct<T*> {...} // partial specialization for pointers

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