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本文介紹了如何在 WPF 中創(chuàng)建具有 Microsoft Web 應(yīng)用程序樣式的菜單的處理方法，對大家解決問題具有一定的參考價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧！

問題描述

我們的任務(wù)是在 WPF 中設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)企業(yè)應(yīng)用程序，該應(yīng)用程序?qū)⑷〈鷳?zhàn)艦灰色 Winforms 應(yīng)用程序，使其具有現(xiàn)代感.

我們喜歡 Microsoft Web 應(yīng)用程序當(dāng)前擁有的外觀和感覺:

我們可以用通常的方式在 WPF 中創(chuàng)建這些菜單:

<Menu DockPanel.Dock="Top"><MenuItem Header="_File"><MenuItem Header="_New"/><MenuItem Header="_Open"/><MenuItem Header="_Save"/><分隔符/><MenuItem Header="_Exit"/></菜單項(xiàng)></菜單><TextBox AcceptsReturn="True"/></DockPanel>

但我們會(huì)得到一些看起來像 Winforms 菜單的東西.

我見過一些相當(dāng)令人印象深刻的樣式設(shè)計(jì)，例如

這是 XAML.我選擇為每個(gè) MenuItem 使用自定義控件模板.我認(rèn)為當(dāng)您需要真正自定義每個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，它非常實(shí)用.

<窗口.資源><BooleanToVisibilityConverter x:Key="btv"/><!-- 設(shè)置頂級菜單項(xiàng)的樣式--><ControlTemplate x:Key="VsMenuTop" TargetType="MenuItem"><StackPanel TextBlock.FontSize="15px" Height="40"><!-- 標(biāo)簽、圖標(biāo)等--><Label Content="{TemplateBinding Header}" Margin="5" Foreground="White"/><!-- 子項(xiàng)目--><Popup IsOpen="{TemplateBinding IsSubmenuOpen}" AllowsTransparency="True" Focusable="False"><Border BorderThickness="1" Background="White" BorderBrush="#E0E0E0"><StackPanel IsItemsHost="True"/></邊框></彈出窗口><StackPanel.Style><Style TargetType="StackPanel"><Style.Triggers><Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True"><Setter Property="Background" Value="#106EBE"/></觸發(fā)器></Style.Triggers></風(fēng)格></StackPanel.Style></StackPanel></控制模板><!-- 設(shè)置非頂級菜單項(xiàng)的樣式--><ControlTemplate x:Key="VsMenuSub" TargetType="MenuItem"><DockPanel TextBlock.FontSize="15px" x:Name="panel"><!-- 標(biāo)簽、圖標(biāo)等--><Image Source="{Binding Icon, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}" Width="20" Margin="5,0"/><Label Content="{TemplateBinding Header}" Foreground="Black" Margin="0,5,5,5"/><!-- 僅當(dāng)此菜單項(xiàng)有子項(xiàng)時(shí)才繪制向右箭頭 --><Image Source="icon_right.png" Visibility="{Binding HasItems, Converter={StaticResource btv}, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}"/><!-- 子項(xiàng)目--><Popup IsOpen="{TemplateBinding IsSubmenuOpen}" AllowsTransparency="True" Focusable="False" Placement="Right" ><Border BorderThickness="1" Background="White" BorderBrush="#E0E0E0"><StackPanel IsItemsHost="True"/></邊框></彈出窗口></DockPanel><ControlTemplate.Triggers><Trigger Property="IsHighlighted" Value="True"><Setter Property="Background" TargetName="panel" Value="#EFF6FC"/></觸發(fā)器></ControlTemplate.Triggers></控制模板><!-- 設(shè)置分隔符的樣式--><ControlTemplate x:Key="VsMenuSep" TargetType="分隔符"><邊框高度="1" 背景="#E0E0E0"/></控制模板><!-- 設(shè)置 VSOnline 的樣式--><ControlTemplate x:Key="VsOnline" TargetType="MenuItem"><StackPanel TextBlock.FontSize="15px" Height="40" Orientation="Horizo??ntal" Background="#005A9E"><Label Content="{TemplateBinding Header}" Margin="5" Foreground="White"/><Image Source="icon_down.png" Height="20" Margin="0,0,5,0"/><!-- 子項(xiàng)目--><Popup IsOpen="{TemplateBinding IsSubmenuOpen}" AllowsTransparency="True" Focusable="False"><Border BorderThickness="1" Background="White" BorderBrush="#E0E0E0"><StackPanel IsItemsHost="True"/></邊框></彈出窗口></StackPanel></控制模板><!-- 一些基本的東西--><Style TargetType="菜單"><Setter Property="Background" Value="#0078D7"/><Setter Property="Height" Value="40px"/></風(fēng)格></Window.Resources><!-- 真正的應(yīng)用程序和真正的菜單--><堆棧面板><Menu IsMainMenu="True"><MenuItem Header="_VSOnline" Template="{StaticResource VsOnline}" ><MenuItem Header="_Whatever" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}"/></菜單項(xiàng)><MenuItem Header="_Dashboards" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuTop}"><MenuItem Header="_Overview" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}"/></菜單項(xiàng)><MenuItem Header="_Code" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuTop}"><MenuItem Header="_Files" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}"/><MenuItem Header="_Commits" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}"/><MenuItem Header="_Pushes" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}"/></菜單項(xiàng)><MenuItem Header="_Work" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuTop}"><MenuItem Header="_Backlogs" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_backlogs.png"/><MenuItem Header="_Queries" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_queries.png"/><Separator Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSep}"/><MenuItem Header="_New Work Item" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}"><MenuItem Header="_Epic" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_epic.png"/><MenuItem Header="_Feature" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_feature.png"/><MenuItem Header="_Issue" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_issue.png"/><MenuItem Header="_Task" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_task.png"/><MenuItem Header="_Test Case" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_testcase.png"/><MenuItem Header="_User Story" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_userstory.png"/></菜單項(xiàng)><MenuItem Header="_Bug" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_bug.png"/></菜單項(xiàng)></菜單></StackPanel></窗口>

該項(xiàng)目可在此處在 github 上獲得.

We have been tasked with designing an enterprise application in WPF that will replace a battleship grey Winforms application with a modern look and feel.

We like the look and feel that Microsoft web applications currently possess:

We could create these menus in WPF in the usual way:

<DockPanel>
    <Menu DockPanel.Dock="Top">
        <MenuItem Header="_File">
            <MenuItem Header="_New" />
            <MenuItem Header="_Open" />
            <MenuItem Header="_Save" />
            <Separator />
            <MenuItem Header="_Exit" />
        </MenuItem>
    </Menu>
    <TextBox AcceptsReturn="True" />
</DockPanel>

But we'd get something that looks like a Winforms menu.

I've seen some rather impressive styling efforts like this one, but they all seem to have the same familiar Winforms shape. I've also seen menus in libraries like MahApps Metro, but these strike us as too spartan.

Is the WPF Menu control flexible enough to be styled as shown in the picture above, or should we go another route like building a custom menu control from Stack Panels and Lists? What are the tradeoffs?

Bonus points (i.e. a bounty) will be awarded for xaml/code that does exactly this.

An example of this menu style in action:
https://www.visualstudio.com/

解決方案

WPF was really designed with the possibility to change the look and behavior of every out-of-the-box mechanisms / controls (buttons, menus, treeview, etc.). So, in general, it's better to do this rather than to rewrite everything. For example, if you redesign your custom menu, you'll have to think about keyboard, UI automation, etc...

So, I gave a shot at your example and tried to build a minimum working sample - pure XAML - that mimics VS online menu (I've also added the hover background color change that's not by default in WPF's menu).

Here is the result and, as you see, it looks very similar:

Here is the XAML. I've chosen to use a custom control template per each MenuItem. I think it's quite practical when you need to really customize every item.

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="550" Width="525">
    <Window.Resources>
        <BooleanToVisibilityConverter x:Key="btv" />

        <!-- style a top level menu item -->
        <ControlTemplate x:Key="VsMenuTop" TargetType="MenuItem">
            <StackPanel TextBlock.FontSize="15px" Height="40">
                <!-- label, icons, etc. -->
                <Label Content="{TemplateBinding Header}" Margin="5" Foreground="White" />

                <!-- sub items -->
                <Popup IsOpen="{TemplateBinding IsSubmenuOpen}" AllowsTransparency="True" Focusable="False">
                    <Border BorderThickness="1" Background="White" BorderBrush="#E0E0E0">
                        <StackPanel IsItemsHost="True" />
                    </Border>
                </Popup>
                <StackPanel.Style>
                    <Style TargetType="StackPanel">
                        <Style.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver"  Value="True">
                                <Setter Property="Background" Value="#106EBE" />
                            </Trigger>
                        </Style.Triggers>
                    </Style>
                </StackPanel.Style>
            </StackPanel>
        </ControlTemplate>

        <!-- style a non-top level menu item -->
        <ControlTemplate x:Key="VsMenuSub" TargetType="MenuItem">
            <DockPanel TextBlock.FontSize="15px" x:Name="panel">
                <!-- label, icons, etc. -->
                <Image Source="{Binding Icon, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}" Width="20" Margin="5,0" />
                <Label Content="{TemplateBinding Header}" Foreground="Black" Margin="0,5,5,5" />

                <!-- draw the right arrow only if this menu item has sub items -->
                <Image Source="icon_right.png" Visibility="{Binding HasItems, Converter={StaticResource btv}, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}" />

                <!-- sub items -->
                <Popup IsOpen="{TemplateBinding IsSubmenuOpen}" AllowsTransparency="True" Focusable="False" Placement="Right" >
                    <Border BorderThickness="1" Background="White" BorderBrush="#E0E0E0">
                        <StackPanel IsItemsHost="True" />
                    </Border>
                </Popup>
            </DockPanel>
            <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                <Trigger Property="IsHighlighted" Value="True">
                    <Setter Property="Background" TargetName="panel" Value="#EFF6FC" />
                </Trigger>
            </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
        </ControlTemplate>

        <!-- style the separator -->
        <ControlTemplate x:Key="VsMenuSep" TargetType="Separator">
            <Border Height="1" Background="#E0E0E0" />
        </ControlTemplate>

        <!-- style the VSOnline -->
        <ControlTemplate x:Key="VsOnline" TargetType="MenuItem">
            <StackPanel TextBlock.FontSize="15px" Height="40" Orientation="Horizontal" Background="#005A9E">
                <Label Content="{TemplateBinding Header}" Margin="5" Foreground="White" />
                <Image Source="icon_down.png" Height="20" Margin="0,0,5,0" />

                <!-- sub items -->
                <Popup IsOpen="{TemplateBinding IsSubmenuOpen}" AllowsTransparency="True" Focusable="False">
                    <Border BorderThickness="1" Background="White" BorderBrush="#E0E0E0">
                        <StackPanel IsItemsHost="True" />
                    </Border>
                </Popup>
            </StackPanel>
        </ControlTemplate>

        <!-- some base stuff -->
        <Style TargetType="Menu">
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="#0078D7" />
            <Setter Property="Height" Value="40px" />
        </Style>

    </Window.Resources>

    <!-- the real app and real menu -->
    <StackPanel>
        <Menu IsMainMenu="True">
            <MenuItem Header="_VSOnline" Template="{StaticResource VsOnline}" >
                <MenuItem Header="_Whatever" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" />
            </MenuItem>
            <MenuItem Header="_Dashboards" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuTop}">
                <MenuItem Header="_Overview" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" />
            </MenuItem>
            <MenuItem Header="_Code" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuTop}">
                <MenuItem Header="_Files" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" />
                <MenuItem Header="_Commits" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" />
                <MenuItem Header="_Pushes" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" />
            </MenuItem>
            <MenuItem Header="_Work" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuTop}">
                <MenuItem Header="_Backlogs" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_backlogs.png" />
                <MenuItem Header="_Queries" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_queries.png" />
                <Separator Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSep}" />
                <MenuItem Header="_New Work Item" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}">
                    <MenuItem Header="_Epic" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_epic.png" />
                    <MenuItem Header="_Feature" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_feature.png" />
                    <MenuItem Header="_Issue" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_issue.png" />
                    <MenuItem Header="_Task" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_task.png" />
                    <MenuItem Header="_Test Case" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_testcase.png" />
                    <MenuItem Header="_User Story" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_userstory.png" />
                </MenuItem>
                <MenuItem Header="_Bug" Template="{StaticResource VsMenuSub}" Icon="icon_bug.png" />
            </MenuItem>
        </Menu>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

The project is available here on github.

這篇關(guān)于如何在 WPF 中創(chuàng)建具有 Microsoft Web 應(yīng)用程序樣式的菜單的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網(wǎng)！

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