問題描述

我正在使用 Laravel 框架，這個(gè)問題與在 Laravel 中使用 Eloquent 直接相關(guān).

I am using the Laravel Framework and this question is directly related to using Eloquent within Laravel.

我正在嘗試制作一個(gè)可在多個(gè)不同表中使用的 Eloquent 模型.這樣做的原因是我有多個(gè)基本相同但每年都不同的表，但我不想重復(fù)代碼來訪問這些不同的表.

I am trying to make an Eloquent model that can be used across the multiple different tables. The reason for this is that I have multiple tables that are essentially identical but vary from year to year, but I do not want to duplicate code to access these different tables.

• gamedata_2015_nations
• gamedata_2015_leagues
• gamedata_2015_teams
• gamedata_2015_players

我當(dāng)然可以有一個(gè)帶有年份列的大表，但是每年有超過 350,000 行并且需要處理很多年，我決定將它們拆分為多個(gè)表會(huì)更好，而不是 4 個(gè)帶有額外表的大表每個(gè)請(qǐng)求的位置".

I could of course have one big table with a year column, but with over 350,000 rows each year and many years to deal with I decided it would be better to split them into multiple tables, rather than 4 huge tables with an extra 'where' on each request.

所以我想做的是為每個(gè)類創(chuàng)建一個(gè)類，并在 Repository 類中執(zhí)行類似的操作:

So what I want to do is have one class for each and do something like this within a Repository class:

public static function getTeam($year, $team_id)
    {
        $team = new Team;

        $team->setYear($year);

        return $team->find($team_id);
    }

我在 Laravel 論壇上使用了這個(gè)討論來讓我開始:http://laravel.io/forum/08-01-2014-defining-models-in-runtime

I have used this discussion on the Laravel forums to get me started: http://laravel.io/forum/08-01-2014-defining-models-in-runtime

到目前為止我有這個(gè):

class Team extends IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel {

    protected static $year;

    public function setYear($year)
    {
        static::$year= $year;
    }

    public function getTable()
    {
        if(static::$year)
        {
            //Taken from https://github.com/laravel/framework/blob/4.2/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php#L1875
            $tableName = str_replace('\', '', snake_case(str_plural(class_basename($this))));

            return 'gamedata_'.static::$year.'_'.$tableName;
        }

        return Parent::getTable();
    }
}

這似乎有效，但我擔(dān)心它沒有以正確的方式工作.

This seems to work, however i'm worried it's not working in the right way.

因?yàn)槲沂褂玫氖?static 關(guān)鍵字，屬性 $year 保留在類中而不是每個(gè)單獨(dú)的對(duì)象中，所以每當(dāng)我創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新對(duì)象時(shí)，它仍然根據(jù)上次設(shè)置的 $year 屬性保存在一個(gè)不同的對(duì)象.我寧愿 $year 與單個(gè)對(duì)象相關(guān)聯(lián)，并且每次創(chuàng)建對(duì)象時(shí)都需要設(shè)置.

Because i'm using the static keyword the property $year is retained within the class rather than each individual object, so whenever I create a new object it still holds the $year property based on the last time it was set in a different object. I would rather $year was associated with a single object and needed to be set each time I created an object.

現(xiàn)在我試圖追蹤 Laravel 創(chuàng)建 Eloquent 模型的方式，但真的很難找到合適的地方來做到這一點(diǎn).

Now I am trying to track the way that Laravel creates Eloquent models but really struggling to find the right place to do this.

例如，如果我將其更改為:

For instance if I change it to this:

class Team extends IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel {

    public $year;

    public function setYear($year)
    {
        $this->year = $year;
    }

    public function getTable()
    {
        if($this->year)
        {
            //Taken from https://github.com/laravel/framework/blob/4.2/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php#L1875
            $tableName = str_replace('\', '', snake_case(str_plural(class_basename($this))));

            return 'gamedata_'.$this->year.'_'.$tableName;
        }

        return Parent::getTable();
    }
}

這在嘗試獲得單個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí)效果很好.但是，對(duì)于關(guān)系，它不起作用.這是我在人際關(guān)系中嘗試過的:

This works just fine when trying to get a single Team. However with relationships it doesn't work. This is what i've tried with relationships:

public function players()
{
    $playerModel = DataRepository::getPlayerModel(static::$year);

    return $this->hasMany($playerModel);
}

//This is in the DataRepository class
public static function getPlayerModel($year)
{
    $model = new Player;

    $model->setYear($year);

    return $model;
}

如果我使用的是 static::$year，這同樣可以正常工作，但是如果我嘗試將其更改為使用 $this->year，那么這將停止工作.

Again this works absolutely fine if i'm using static::$year, but if I try and change it to use $this->year then this stops working.

實(shí)際的錯(cuò)誤源于 $this->year 沒有在 getTable() 中設(shè)置，因此調(diào)用了父 getTable() 方法并返回了錯(cuò)誤的表名.

The actual error stems from the fact that $this->year is not set within getTable() so that the parent getTable() method is called and the wrong table name returned.

我的下一步是嘗試弄清楚為什么它可以使用靜態(tài)屬性而不是非靜態(tài)屬性(不確定是否正確).我認(rèn)為它只是在嘗試建立 Player 關(guān)系時(shí)使用 Team 類中的 static::$year .然而，這種情況并非如此.如果我嘗試強(qiáng)制出現(xiàn)這樣的錯(cuò)誤:

My next step was to try and figure out why it was working with the static property but not with the nonstatic property (not sure on the right term for that). I assumed that it was simply using the static::$year from the Team class when trying to build the Player relationship. However this is not the case. If I try and force an error with something like this:

public function players()
{
    //Note the hard coded 1800
    //If it was simply using the old static::$year property then I would expect this still to work
    $playerModel = DataRepository::getPlayerModel(1800);

    return $this->hasMany($playerModel);
}

現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的情況是我收到一條錯(cuò)誤消息，指出找不到 gamedata_1800_players.也許并不那么令人驚訝.但它排除了 Eloquent 只是使用 Team 類中的 static::$year 屬性的可能性，因?yàn)樗宄卦O(shè)置了我發(fā)送到 getPlayerModel() 方法的自定義年份.

Now what happens is that I get an error saying gamedata_1800_players isn't found. Not that surprising perhaps. But it rules out the possibility that Eloquent is simply using the static::$year property from the Team class since it is clearly setting the custom year that i'm sending to the getPlayerModel() method.

所以現(xiàn)在我知道當(dāng) $year 在關(guān)系中設(shè)置并靜態(tài)設(shè)置時(shí)，getTable() 可以訪問它，但是如果它是非靜態(tài)設(shè)置的，那么它會(huì)在某處丟失并且對(duì)象不知道調(diào)用 getTable() 時(shí)關(guān)于此屬性的信息.

So now I know that when the $year is set within a relationship and is set statically then getTable() has access to it, but if it is set non-statically then it gets lost somewhere and the object doesn't know about this property by the time getTable() is called.

(注意在簡(jiǎn)單地創(chuàng)建新對(duì)象和使用關(guān)系時(shí)它的工作意義不同)

(note the significance of it working different when simply creating a new object and when using relationships)

我意識(shí)到我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)提供了很多細(xì)節(jié)，所以為了簡(jiǎn)化和澄清我的問題:

I realise i've given alot of detail now, so to simplify and clarify my question:

1) 為什么 static::$year 工作但 $this->year 不適用于關(guān)系，當(dāng)兩者都在簡(jiǎn)單地創(chuàng)建新對(duì)象時(shí)工作.

1) Why does static::$year work but $this->year not work for relationships, when both work when simply creating a new object.

2) 有沒有辦法可以使用非靜態(tài)屬性并實(shí)現(xiàn)我已經(jīng)使用靜態(tài)屬性實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)?

2) Is there a way that I can use a non static property and achieve what I am already achieving using a static property?

理由:即使在我完成一個(gè)對(duì)象并嘗試使用該類創(chuàng)建另一個(gè)對(duì)象后，靜態(tài)屬性仍將保留在類中，這似乎不正確.

Justification for this: The static property will stay with the class even after I have finished with one object and am trying to create another object with that class, which doesn't seem right.

示例:

    //Get a League from the 2015 database
    $leagueQuery = new League;

    $leagueQuery->setYear(2015);

    $league = $leagueQuery->find(11);

    //Get another league
    //EEK! I still think i'm from 2015, even though nobodies told me that!
    $league2 = League::find(12);

這可能不是世界上最糟糕的事情，就像我說的，它實(shí)際上使用靜態(tài)屬性工作，沒有嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤.然而，上面的代碼示例以這種方式工作是危險(xiǎn)的，所以我想正確地做到這一點(diǎn)，避免這種危險(xiǎn).

This may not be the worst thing in the world, and like I said, it is actually working using the static properties with no critical errors. However it is dangerous for the above code sample to work in that way, so I would like to do it properly and avoid such a danger.

推薦答案

我假設(shè)你知道如何瀏覽 Laravel API/代碼庫，因?yàn)槟阈枰鼇硗耆斫膺@個(gè)答案......

I assume you know how to navigate the Laravel API / codebase since you will need it to fully understand this answer...

免責(zé)聲明:即使我測(cè)試了一些情況，我也不能保證它總是有效.如果您遇到問題，請(qǐng)告訴我，我會(huì)盡力幫助您.

Disclaimer: Even though I tested some cases I can't guarantee It always works. If you run into a problem, let me know and I'll try my best to help you.

我看到您有多種情況需要這種動(dòng)態(tài)表名，所以我們將從創(chuàng)建一個(gè) BaseModel 開始，這樣我們就不必重復(fù)自己了.

I see you have multiple cases where you need this kind of dynamic table name, so we will start off by creating a BaseModel so we don't have to repeat ourselves.

class BaseModel extends Eloquent {}

class Team extends BaseModel {}

到目前為止沒有什么令人興奮的.接下來我們看一下IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel中的一個(gè)static函數(shù)，編寫我們自己的靜態(tài)函數(shù)，姑且稱之為year代碼>.(把這個(gè)放在BaseModel)

Nothing exciting so far. Next, we take a look at one of the static functions in IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel and write our own static function, let's call it year. (Put this in the BaseModel)

public static function year($year){
    $instance = new static;
    return $instance->newQuery();
}

這個(gè)函數(shù)現(xiàn)在除了創(chuàng)建當(dāng)前模型的一個(gè)新實(shí)例，然后在它上面初始化查詢構(gòu)建器之外什么都不做.與 Laravel 在 Model 類中的做法類似.

This function now does nothing but create a new instance of the current model and then initialize the query builder on it. In a similar fashion to the way Laravel does it in the Model class.

下一步是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)函數(shù)，在實(shí)例化模型上實(shí)際設(shè)置表.我們稱之為 setYear.我們還將添加一個(gè)實(shí)例變量來將年份與實(shí)際表名分開存儲(chǔ).

The next step will be to create a function that actually sets the table on an instantiated model. Let's call this one setYear. And we'll also add an instance variable to store the year separately from the actual table name.

protected $year = null;

public function setYear($year){
    $this->year = $year;
    if($year != null){
        $this->table = 'gamedata_'.$year.'_'.$this->getTable(); // you could use the logic from your example as well, but getTable looks nicer
    }
}

現(xiàn)在我們必須改變year來實(shí)際調(diào)用setYear

Now we have to change the year to actually call setYear

public static function year($year){
    $instance = new static;
    $instance->setYear($year);
    return $instance->newQuery();
}

最后但并非最不重要的是，我們必須覆蓋 newInstance().例如，在使用 find() 時(shí)，此方法用于我的 Laravel.

And last but not least, we have to override newInstance(). This method is used my Laravel when using find() for example.

public function newInstance($attributes = array(), $exists = false)
{
    $model = parent::newInstance($attributes, $exists);
    $model->setYear($this->year);
    return $model;
}

這是基礎(chǔ)知識(shí).使用方法如下:

That's the basics. Here's how to use it:

$team = Team::year(2015)->find(1);

$newTeam = new Team();
$newTeam->setTable(2015);
$newTeam->property = 'value';
$newTeam->save();

下一步是關(guān)系.這就是它變得非常棘手.

The next step are relationships. And that's were it gets real tricky.

關(guān)系的方法(如:hasMany('Player'))不支持傳入對(duì)象.他們接受一個(gè)類，然后從中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)例.我能找到的最簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案是手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建關(guān)系對(duì)象.(在團(tuán)隊(duì)中)

The methods for relations (like: hasMany('Player')) don't support passing in objects. They take a class and then create an instance from it. The simplest solution I could found, is by creating the relationship object manually. (in Team)

public function players(){
    $instance = new Player();
    $instance->setYear($this->year);

    $foreignKey = $instance->getTable.'.'.$this->getForeignKey();
    $localKey = $this->getKeyName();

    return new HasMany($instance->newQuery(), $this, $foreignKey, $localKey);
}

注意:外鍵仍將被稱為 team_id(沒有年份)我想這就是您想要的.

Note: the foreign key will still be called team_id (without the year) I suppose that is what you want.

不幸的是，您必須為您定義的每個(gè)關(guān)系執(zhí)行此操作.對(duì)于其他關(guān)系類型，請(qǐng)查看 IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel 中的代碼.您基本上可以復(fù)制粘貼它并進(jìn)行一些更改.如果您在 year-dependent 模型上使用大量關(guān)系，您還可以覆蓋 BaseModel 中的關(guān)系方法.

Unfortunately, you will have to do this for every relationship you define. For other relationship types look at the code in IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel. You can basically copy paste it and make a few changes. If you use a lot of relationships on your year-dependent models you could also override the relationship methods in your BaseModel.

在 Pastebin

這篇關(guān)于Laravel Eloquent:訪問屬性和動(dòng)態(tài)表名的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對(duì)大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網(wǎng)！