問題描述

我是 xml 解析的新手.此 xml 文件 具有以下樹:

I am new to xml parsing. This xml file has the following tree:

FHRSEstablishment
 |--> Header
 |    |--> ...
 |--> EstablishmentCollection
 |    |--> EstablishmentDetail
 |    |    |-->...
 |    |--> Scores
 |    |    |-->...
 |--> EstablishmentCollection
 |    |--> EstablishmentDetail
 |    |    |-->...
 |    |--> Scores
 |    |    |-->...

但是當我使用 ElementTree 訪問它并查找 child 標記和屬性時，

but when I access it with ElementTree and look for the child tags and attributes,

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import urllib2
tree = ET.parse(
   file=urllib2.urlopen('http://ratings.food.gov.uk/OpenDataFiles/FHRS408en-GB.xml' % i))
root = tree.getroot()
for child in root:
   print child.tag, child.attrib

我只得到:

Header {}
EstablishmentCollection {}

我認為這意味著它們的屬性是空的.為什么會這樣，如何訪問嵌套在 EstablishmentDetail 和 Scores 中的子級?

which I assume means that their attributes are empty. Why is it so, and how can I access the children nested inside EstablishmentDetail and Scores?

編輯

感謝下面的答案，我可以進入樹內，但是如果我想檢索諸如 Scores 中的值，這將失敗:

Thanks to the answers below I can get inside the tree, but if I want to retrieve values such as those in Scores, this fails:

for node in root.find('.//EstablishmentDetail/Scores'):
    rating = node.attrib.get('Hygiene')
    print rating 

并產生

None
None
None

這是為什么呢?

推薦答案

你必須在你的根目錄上迭代().

Yo have to iter() over your root.

那就是 root.iter() 可以解決問題！

that is root.iter() would do the trick!

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import urllib2
tree =ET.parse(urllib2.urlopen('http://ratings.food.gov.uk/OpenDataFiles/FHRS408en-GB.xml'))
root = tree.getroot()
for child in root.iter():
   print child.tag, child.attrib

輸出:

FHRSEstablishment {}
Header {}
ExtractDate {}
ItemCount {}
ReturnCode {}
EstablishmentCollection {}
EstablishmentDetail {}
FHRSID {}
LocalAuthorityBusinessID {}
...

• 要獲取 EstablishmentDetail 中的所有標簽，您需要找到該標簽，然后遍歷其子標簽！
• To get all tags inside EstablishmentDetail you need to find that tag and then loop through its children!

也就是說，例如.

for child in root.find('.//EstablishmentDetail'):
    print child.tag, child.attrib

輸出:

FHRSID {}
LocalAuthorityBusinessID {}
BusinessName {}
BusinessType {}
BusinessTypeID {}
RatingValue {}
RatingKey {}
RatingDate {}
LocalAuthorityCode {}
LocalAuthorityName {}
LocalAuthorityWebSite {}
LocalAuthorityEmailAddress {}
Scores {}
SchemeType {}
NewRatingPending {}
Geocode {}

• 要獲得您在評論中提到的 Hygiene 的分數，

您所做的是，它將獲得第一個 Scores 標簽，并且當您在 root.find('.//Scores'):rating=child.get('Hygiene').也就是說，顯然所有三個孩子都不會有元素！

What you have done is, it will get the first Scores tag and that will have Hygiene, ConfidenceInManagement, Structural tags as child when you call for each in root.find('.//Scores'):rating=child.get('Hygiene'). That is, obviously all three child will not have the element!

你需要先- 查找所有 Scores 標簽.- 在找到的每個標簽中找到Hygiene！

You need to first - find all Scores tag. - find Hygiene in every tags found!

for each in root.findall('.//Scores'):
    rating = each.find('.//Hygiene')
    print '' if rating is None else rating.text

輸出:

5
5
5
0
5

這篇關于訪問使用 ElementTree 解析的 xml 文件中的嵌套子項的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網！

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