前言
翻轉字符串在字符串算法中算是比較常見的,而且被很多公司用作筆試題。”逐字翻轉字符串”是翻轉字符串的翻版,也是之前Google的面試題,原題是這樣的:
Given an input string, reverse the string word by word.
A word is defined as a sequence of non-space characters.
The input string does not contain leading or trailing spaces and the words are always separated by a single space.
For example,
Given s = "the sky is blue",
return "blue is sky the".
Could you do it in-place without allocating extra space?
簡而言之就是:”the sky is blue”—>”blue is sky the”
所以,對于本文,要解決的算法是:
逐字翻轉字符串,例如:"the sky is blue"—>"blue is sky the"
接下來看下實現思路和代碼。
實現思路及代碼
既然是字符串翻轉的翻版,我們就可以利用之前翻版字符串的思路去解決就可以了,不過這道題要有兩次翻轉:
第一次翻轉,整體翻轉:”the sky is blue” -> “eulb si yks eht”
第二次翻轉,單詞翻轉:”eulb si yks eht” -> “blue is sky the”
所以,首先可以實現一個可以翻轉局部和全部字符串的算法,傳入字符數組、startIndex 和 endIndex ,其中 startIndex 和 endIndex 分別為要翻轉的字符串的起始下標和結束下標,也就是要翻轉 startIndex 和 endIndex 之間(包含)的字符,代碼如下:
func _reverseStr( _ chars:inout [Character], _ startIndex:Int, _ endIndex:Int){
var startIndex = startIndex
var endIndex = endIndex
if startIndex <= endIndex {
let tempChar = chars[endIndex]
chars[endIndex] = chars[startIndex]
chars[startIndex] = tempChar
startIndex += 1
endIndex -= 1
_reverseStr(&chars,startIndex,endIndex)
}
}
之后就可以利用上面的算法去完成前面說的兩次翻轉:
func reverseWords(_ str:String) -> String{
var chars = [Character](str.characters)
//首先翻轉整個字符串所有字符,"the sky is blue" -> "eulb si yks eht"
_reverseStr(&chars,0,chars.count-1)
//然后翻轉每個單詞中的字符,"eulb si yks eht" -> "blue is sky the"
var startIndex = 0
for endIndex in 0 ..< chars.count {
if endIndex == chars.count - 1 || chars[endIndex + 1] == " " {
_reverseStr(&chars, startIndex, endIndex)
startIndex = endIndex + 2
}
}
return String(chars)
}
完整算法代碼:
//翻轉指定范圍的字符
func _reverseStr( _ chars:inout [Character], _ startIndex:Int, _ endIndex:Int){
var startIndex = startIndex
var endIndex = endIndex
if startIndex <= endIndex {
let tempChar = chars[endIndex]
chars[endIndex] = chars[startIndex]
chars[startIndex] = tempChar
startIndex += 1
endIndex -= 1
_reverseStr(&chars,startIndex,endIndex)
}
}
//逐字翻轉字符串
func reverseWords(_ str:String) -> String{
var chars = [Character](str.characters)
//首先翻轉整個字符串所有字符,"the sky is blue" -> "eulb si yks eht"
_reverseStr(&chars,0,chars.count-1)
//然后翻轉每個單詞中的字符,"eulb si yks eht" -> "blue is sky the"
var startIndex = 0
for endIndex in 0 ..< chars.count {
if endIndex == chars.count - 1 || chars[endIndex + 1] == " " {
_reverseStr(&chars, startIndex, endIndex)
startIndex = endIndex + 2
}
}
return String(chars)
}
reverseWords("the sky is blue") //return "blue is sky the"
總結
以上就是關于Swift算法實現逐字翻轉字符串的方法,希望本文的內容對大家的學習或者工作能帶來一定的幫助,如果有疑問大家可以留言交流,謝謝大家對html5模板網的支持。
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