問題描述

我有一個要單元測試的函數包含調用其他兩個函數.我不確定如何使用補丁正確地同時模擬這兩個函數.我在下面提供了一個例子來說明我的意思.當我運行nosetests時，測試通過了，但我覺得必須有一種更清潔的方法來做到這一點，我并不真正理解關于f.close()的文章......

I have a function I want to unit test contains calls two other functions. I am unsure how can I mock both functions at the same time properly using patch. I have provided an example of what I mean below. When I run nosetests, the tests pass but I feel that there must be a cleaner way to do this and I do not really Understand the piece regarding f.close()...

目錄結構如下:

program/
  program/
    data.py
  tests/
    data_test.py

數據.py:

import cPickle

def write_out(file_path, data):
    f = open(file_path, 'wb')
    cPickle.dump(data, f)
    f.close()

data_test.py:

data_test.py:

from mock import MagicMock, patch

def test_write_out():
    path = '~/collection'
    mock_open = MagicMock()
    mock_pickle = MagicMock()
    f_mock = MagicMock()
    with patch('__builtin__.open', mock_open):
        f = mock_open.return_value
        f.method.return_value = path
        with patch('cPickle.dump', mock_pickle):
            write_out(path, 'data')
            mock_open.assert_called_once_with('~/collection', 'wb')
            f.close.assert_any_call()
            mock_pickle.assert_called_once_with('data', f)

結果:

$ nosetests
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.008s
OK

推薦答案

您可以通過使用補丁裝飾器并像這樣嵌套它們來簡化測試(默認情況下它們是 MagicMock 對象):

You can simplify your test by using the patch decorator and nesting them like so (they are MagicMock objects by default):

@patch('cPickle.dump')
@patch('__builtin__.open')
def test_write_out(mock_open, mock_pickle):
    path = '~/collection'
    f = mock_open.return_value
    f.method.return_value = path

    write_out(path, 'data')

    mock_open.assert_called_once_with('~/collection', 'wb')
    mock_pickle.assert_called_once_with('data', f)
    f.close.assert_any_call()

對 MagicMock 實例的調用會返回一個新的 MagicMock 實例，因此您可以檢查返回的值是否像任何其他模擬對象一樣被調用.在這種情況下，f 是一個名為 'open()' 的 MagicMock(嘗試打印 f).

Calls to a MagicMock instance return a new MagicMock instance, so you can check that the returned value was called just like any other mocked object. In this case f is a MagicMock named 'open()' (try printing f).

這篇關于用補丁模擬兩個函數以進行單元測試的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網！