Web Storage是HTML5引入的一個非常重要的功能,可以在客戶端本地存儲數據,類似HTML4的cookie,但可實現功能要比cookie強大的多,cookie大小被限制在4KB,Web Storage官方建議為每個網站5MB。
Web Storage又分為兩種:
- sessionStorage
- localStorage
從字面意思就可以很清楚的看出來,sessionStorage將數據保存在session中,瀏覽器關閉也就沒了;而localStorage則一直將數據保存在客戶端本地;
不管是sessionStorage,還是localStorage,可使用的API都相同,常用的有如下幾個(以localStorage為例):
- 保存數據:localStorage.setItem(key,value);
- 讀取數據:localStorage.getItem(key);
- 刪除單個數據:localStorage.removeItem(key);
- 刪除所有數據:localStorage.clear();
- 得到某個索引的key:localStorage.key(index);
如上,key和value都必須為字符串,換言之,web Storage的API只能操作字符串。
接下來,我們通過Web Storage開發一個簡單的通訊錄小程序,以演示相關API的使用方法;我們要實現如下功能:
- 錄入聯系人,聯系人有姓名、手機號碼2個字段,以手機號作為key存入localStorage;
- 根據手機號碼,查找機主;
- 列出當前已保存的所有聯系人信息;
首先,準備一個簡單的HTML頁面,如下:
- <!DOCTYPE HTML>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta charset="utf-8"/>
- <title>HTML5本地存儲之Web Storage篇</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <div style="border: 2px dashed #ccc;width:320px;text-align:center;">
- <label for="user_name">姓名:</label>
- <input type="text" id="user_name" name="user_name" class="text"/>
- <br/>
- <label for="mobilephone">手機:</label>
- <input type="text" id="mobilephone" name="mobilephone"/>
- <br/>
- <input type="button" onclick="save()" value="新增記錄"/>
- <hr/>
- <label for="search_phone">輸入手機號:</label>
- <input type="text" id="search_phone" name="search_phone"/>
- <input type="button" onclick="find()" value="查找機主"/>
- <p id="find_result"><br/></p>
- </div>
- <br/>
- <div id="list">
- </div>
- </body>
- </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>HTML5本地存儲之Web Storage篇</title> </head> <body> <div style="border: 2px dashed #ccc;width:320px;text-align:center;"> <label for="user_name">姓名:</label> <input type="text" id="user_name" name="user_name" class="text"/> <br/> <label for="mobilephone">手機:</label> <input type="text" id="mobilephone" name="mobilephone"/> <br/> <input type="button" onclick="save()" value="新增記錄"/> <hr/> <label for="search_phone">輸入手機號:</label> <input type="text" id="search_phone" name="search_phone"/> <input type="button" onclick="find()" value="查找機主"/> <p id="find_result"><br/></p> </div> <br/> <div id="list"> </div> </body> </html>
要實現聯系人的保存,只需要簡單實現如下JS方法即可:
- //保存數據
- function save(){
- var mobilephone = document.getElementById("mobilephone").value;
- var user_name = document.getElementById("user_name").value;
- localStorage.setItem(mobilephone,user_name);
- }
//保存數據 function save(){ var mobilephone = document.getElementById("mobilephone").value; var user_name = document.getElementById("user_name").value; localStorage.setItem(mobilephone,user_name); }
- //查找數據
- function find(){
- var search_phone = document.getElementById("search_phone").value;
- var name = localStorage.getItem(search_phone);
- var find_result = document.getElementById("find_result");
- find_result.innerHTML = search_phone + "的機主是:" + name;
- }
//查找數據 function find(){ var search_phone = document.getElementById("search_phone").value; var name = localStorage.getItem(search_phone); var find_result = document.getElementById("find_result"); find_result.innerHTML = search_phone + "的機主是:" + name; }
要展現所有已保存的聯系人信息,則需要使用localStorage.key(index)方法,如下:
- //將所有存儲在localStorage中的對象提取出來,并展現到界面上
- function loadAll(){
- var list = document.getElementById("list");
- if(localStorage.length>0){
- var result = "<table border='1'>";
- result += "<tr><td>姓名</td><td>手機號碼</td></tr>";
- for(var i=0;i<localStorage.length;i++){
- var mobilephone = localStorage.key(i);
- var name = localStorage.getItem(mobilephone);
- result += "<tr><td>"+name+"</td><td>"+mobilephone+"</td></tr>";
- }
- result += "</table>";
- list.innerHTML = result;
- }else{
- list.innerHTML = "目前數據為空,趕緊開始加入聯系人吧";
- }
- }
//將所有存儲在localStorage中的對象提取出來,并展現到界面上 function loadAll(){ var list = document.getElementById("list"); if(localStorage.length>0){ var result = "<table border='1'>"; result += "<tr><td>姓名</td><td>手機號碼</td></tr>"; for(var i=0;i<localStorage.length;i++){ var mobilephone = localStorage.key(i); var name = localStorage.getItem(mobilephone); result += "<tr><td>"+name+"</td><td>"+mobilephone+"</td></tr>"; } result += "</table>"; list.innerHTML = result; }else{ list.innerHTML = "目前數據為空,趕緊開始加入聯系人吧"; } }
如下簡單演示增加了公司屬性的聯系人保存JS代碼:
- //保存數據
- function save(){
- var contact = new Object;
- contact.user_name = document.getElementById("user_name").value;
- contact.mobilephone = document.getElementById("mobilephone").value;
- contact.company = document.getElementById("company").value;
- var str = JSON.stringify(contact);
- localStorage.setItem(contact.mobilephone,str);
- loadAll();
- }
- //將所有存儲在localStorage中的對象提取出來,并展現到界面上
- function loadAll(){
- var list = document.getElementById("list");
- if(localStorage.length>0){
- var result = "<table border='1'>";
- result += "<tr><td>姓名</td><td>手機</td><td>公司</td></tr>";
- for(var i=0;i<localStorage.length;i++){
- var mobilephone = localStorage.key(i);
- var str = localStorage.getItem(mobilephone);
- var contact = JSON.parse(str);
- result += "<tr><td>"+contact.user_name+"</td><td>"+contact.mobilephone+"</td><td>"+contact.company+"</td></tr>";
- }
- result += "</table>";
- list.innerHTML = result;
- }else{
- list.innerHTML = "目前數據為空,趕緊開始加入聯系人吧";
- }
- }
//保存數據 function save(){ var contact = new Object; contact.user_name = document.getElementById("user_name").value; contact.mobilephone = document.getElementById("mobilephone").value; contact.company = document.getElementById("company").value; var str = JSON.stringify(contact); localStorage.setItem(contact.mobilephone,str); loadAll(); } //將所有存儲在localStorage中的對象提取出來,并展現到界面上 function loadAll(){ var list = document.getElementById("list"); if(localStorage.length>0){ var result = "<table border='1'>"; result += "<tr><td>姓名</td><td>手機</td><td>公司</td></tr>"; for(var i=0;i<localStorage.length;i++){ var mobilephone = localStorage.key(i); var str = localStorage.getItem(mobilephone); var contact = JSON.parse(str); result += "<tr><td>"+contact.user_name+"</td><td>"+contact.mobilephone+"</td><td>"+contact.company+"</td></tr>"; } result += "</table>"; list.innerHTML = result; }else{ list.innerHTML = "目前數據為空,趕緊開始加入聯系人吧"; } }
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